A Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara covers two days on the road. The plan rides a night bus to Denizli, then visits Pamukkale, Hierapolis and the Cleopatra pool. The homepage lists the islands under Greece Tours.
On day two the plan goes on to Ephesus. It adds the House of the Virgin Mary, the Temple of Artemis and the Ephesus Archaeological Museum. Each card below links to a live GetYourGuide booking page.
What does the name of Denizli mean, as read in a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara?
Denizli carries deniz, the Turkish word for sea or large lake, though neither sea nor lake lies beside the city. Its older name was Tonguzlu. Read in a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Denizli is a city in Aegean Turkey.
The provincial directorate of culture and tourism says that tengiz means sea in ancient Turkish. It holds that Tonguzlu and Tenguzlu changed over time and became Denizli. The directorate adds that no single name can be given with certainty. Seen in a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Denizli keeps that question open.
For another region, Turkey tours on the homepage reach Istanbul, Cappadocia and the Mediterranean coast.
Different names appear in historical sources, according to the directorate. Seljuk records and the records of the Denizli court give the name Ladik. Ibn Battuta recorded the name as Dun Ghuzluh. The Denizli article reports that this form is said to mean town of swine.
Denizli was first founded around the village of Eskihisar, six kilometres north of the present city. The centre later moved to the Kaleici site because of the abundance of water. Told in a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Denizli is a city that moved for water.
The city serves as seat of Denizli Province and stands three hundred and twenty-four metres above sea level. Two districts share its urban area, Merkezefendi and Pamukkale. Merkezefendi covers three hundred and thirty-six square kilometres. This route has the night bus from Ankara head towards Denizli and arrive there in the morning of day one.
Merkezefendi was cut from the former central district of Denizli in the local government reorganisation of two thousand and thirteen. The district has fifty neighbourhoods. Its name refers to Merkez Efendi, a Sufi of the sixteenth century. Seen in a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Denizli has a district named for him.
Attouda was a Hellenistic city in ancient Caria. Later it lay in the Roman province of Phrygia Pacatiana. Coins of the place bear a Greek inscription from the time of Augustus and later. The directorate counts nearly thirty ancient cities, Attuda among them, and more than twenty mounds and tumuli around Denizli.
The site of Attouda is at Hisarkoy, in Saraykoy district. The culture portal of the ministry lists the ancient city of Attouda at Hisar village among the places to visit. Attouda lies beyond this route. Noted in a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Denizli keeps that site inside its province.
Attouda also became a Christian bishopric. At first it was a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Laodicea in Phrygia. Later it came under the see of Hierapolis, after the Roman province was divided. The names of five of its bishops are recorded in extant documents.
The directorate sets Denizli at the end of the Izmir to Ephesus road known as the Holy Pilgrimage Route. It adds that Denizli lies on caravan roads that connect Izmir with Mesopotamia. Set in a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Denizli gains a particular importance from them.
Another page that includes Pamukkale is Ephesus Pamukkale Tour From Ankara.
An old Britannica entry says the gardens of Denizli gave it the name Damascus of Anatolia. Ibn Battuta wrote that the town had seven mosques for Friday prayers. The directorate adds that an earthquake destroyed Denizli in thirteen sixty-six. Told in a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Denizli is a city of gardens and mosques.
What weather and winds shape the city of Denizli, read near a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara?
Winds blow into Denizli from the Aegean, and the climate is Mediterranean. Summers stay hot and dry near a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara. Winds are one part of a climate whose records run from minus 11.4 to 44.4 degrees Celsius.
Denizli has a Mediterranean climate, with dry, hot summers. The Koppen code for the city is Csa. That code needs a warmest month with a mean above 22.0 degrees Celsius, and Denizli’s July mean is 28.3. A summer month counts as dry under Koppen when it gets less than 30 millimetres of rain.
Rain is lowest in late summer. August brings 12.1 millimetres and September 15.7, while June still gets 31.8. Humidity in August is 43.3 percent. June holds 322.0 hours of sun and August 324.1. The mean temperature is 25.1 degrees Celsius in June and 28.2 in August.
In Denizli Province, the Aegean climate is not entirely effective, and a continental climate is felt. That mix of coast and interior sits near a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara. Winds from the Aegean enter the city, because the mountains run perpendicular to the coastline.
Winters bring rain, and the climate runs from mild to cool. December has 12 days with rain and 81.1 millimetres. February gets 69.7 millimetres, March 63.8 and November 57.8. Springs and autumns are rainy too, with a mild warm climate. The mean is 6.2 degrees Celsius in January and 7.6 in February.
Snow falls on the mountains that surround the city. In certain years, snow can be observed in the urban areas too. The climate table counts 7.4 snowy days a year. February has 2.4 of them, December 1.2 and March 1.1. From April to November the table shows none.
There is always snow at the top of Mount Karci, Mount Karkin and Mount Babadag. Snow belongs to the weather picture near a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara. Winds from the sea find the mountains open, and the high ones are snowy in winter.
August holds the record high of 44.4 degrees Celsius, with 44.1 in June and 43.9 in July. February holds the record low of minus 11.4. January stands at minus 10.5 and December at minus 10.4. The mean low is 3.6 degrees in February and 7.5 in November.
Readers interested in Pamukkale can open Ephesus Aphrodisias Pamukkale Tour by Flight From Ankara.
Weather changes across the province, and even inside the urban area. Those changes matter near a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara. Winds share the stage with height: Cardak, Bozkurt, Civril and Cal are cooler and higher than the seaside west. The province has 19 districts.
The climate table gives 573.8 millimetres of rain a year, over about 90 days. Humidity is 57.5 percent over the year and 71.6 in December. The year brings 2,611.1 hours of sun. The mean temperature for the year is 16.9 degrees Celsius. The yearly mean maximum is 23.1 degrees and the yearly mean minimum 11.6.
Extremes stand on record for Denizli near a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara. Winds reached 36.9 metres per second on one December day, the highest wind figure listed. Rain peaked at 105.6 millimetres on one July day. The highest snow figure is 38 centimetres, from one January.
Why is the castle rock of Afyonkarahisar named so, read beside a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara?
Afyonkarahisar means opium black fortress, because opium was widely grown there and a castle crowns a black rock. Beside a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Afyonkarahisar lies inland from the Aegean coast.
The Turkish name joins two parts. Afyon means opium, and Kara Hissar means black castle, a name given after the ancient fortress. The city was known as Afyon until the Turkish Parliament changed the name in two thousand and four. Beside a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Afyonkarahisar therefore holds a crop and a rock.
In antiquity the city was called Akroinon, and it is the site of Afyonkarahisar Castle. The Hittites knew the rock as Hapanuwa, and the castle was built around thirteen hundred and fifty BC. The top of the rock has been fortified for a long time. The fortress is partly ruined, and it gave the city its name.
To reach the top of the rock, a walker climbs eight hundred stairs. The fortress stands on a volcanic rock above the town. The city lies south-west of Ankara along the Akarcay River. Beside a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Afyonkarahisar stands at one thousand and twenty-one metres.
The city has a Mediterranean climate. Winters are cool, and summers are warm and dry with cool nights. Rain falls chiefly in spring and autumn. Afyon ranks in the top five for potato, sugar beet, cucumber and barley production. It is also the largest producer of sour cherries in Turkey, and it leads Turkey in egg production.
The economy rests on marble, pharmaceutical industries and tourism. Afyon ranks second on processed marble exports and fourth on travertine. It holds an important share of the marble reserves of Turkey. Beside a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Afyonkarahisar counts stone among its main trades.
Afyonkarahisar stands out as a capital city of hot springs and spas in Turkey. Five main springs carry a high mineral content. Their temperatures range between forty and one hundred degrees Celsius. Beside a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Afyonkarahisar thus pairs a fortress with warm water.
A related page on Pamukkale: Pamukkale Calcium Terraces and Aphrodisias Tour by Night Bus From Ankara.
Sucuk is the local speciality, a spicy beef sausage eaten fried or grilled. Keskek is boiled wheat and chickpeas stewed with meat. Agzacik, also called bukme, is a filo-style pastry stuffed with cheese or lentils. Kaymak lokum is Turkish delight of cream, a speciality of Afyonkarahisar.
Kaymak, the local cream, is eaten with honey, with the bread pudding ekmek kadayifi, or with pumpkin simmered in syrup. Helva, another sweet, is sweetened ground sesame. Beside a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Afyonkarahisar ties its sweets to cream, honey and sesame.
The Afyonkarahisar Archaeological Museum opened in nineteen thirty-three and moved to its present site in nineteen seventy-one. The museum occupies a one-storey building of nine linked exhibition halls. The displays span about five thousand years, from the Copper and Bronze Ages to Hittite, Phrygian, Greek and Byzantine times.
The Altigoz Bridge and the Ulu Camii were built by the Seljuqs in the thirteenth century. The city belongs to the European Association of Historic Towns and Regions. The province lies in western Turkey and has eighteen districts. Kutahya lies to its north-west, Usak to the west and Denizli to the south-west.
What did the city of Usak make and trade, read past a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara?
Usak made carpets for export and set up Republican Turkey’s first factory, a sugar refinery, through local businessmen. Seen past a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Usak adds leather and two industrial zones.
The Turkish name Usak means servant. The city lies in the interior of the Aegean Region, at an elevation of nine hundred and six metres. Past a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Usak stands two hundred and ten kilometres from Izmir. Izmir is the region’s main city and port.
The first known organised states to rule the Usak region were the Phrygians. In the seventh century BC, the Phrygians ruled the eastern part and the Lydians the west. Usak was a district centre within Kutahya Province until nineteen fifty-three. The city has twenty-nine neighbourhoods, including Kursunluk and Muharremsah.
The sugar refinery was the first factory of Republican Turkey. Nuri Seker and his friends founded it, and it opened in nineteen twenty-six. The people of Usak backed its founding. It was also the first multi-partner company. Read past a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Usak turns local beet into sugar.
Usak is one of the places where Turkey’s first industrial establishments appeared. Carpets and kilims played the deciding role in building its manufacturing. A chamber of commerce and industry, founded in nineteen twenty-three, brought scattered merchants and industrialists under one roof. The city has long had a strong industrial base.
Before factories, Usak was a major centre of carpet making and export. In the sixteenth century, carpets made around Usak began a second bright era of Turkish carpet art. Past a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Usak carpets come in two basic types. These are the medallion and the star.
More about Pamukkale: Ephesus Pamukkale Tour From Izmir.
Ushak rugs are known for silky, luminous wool. Their dyes tend towards cinnamon, terracotta, gold, blue, green, ivory, saffron and grey. Wool yarn has been the raw material of Usak carpets since long ago. Holbein carpets take their name from the sixteenth-century painter Hans Holbein the Younger.
By the late sixteenth century, the fame of Ushak carpets had spread across Europe. Read past a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Usak traded with the Dutch republic. That trade dates from at least the seventeenth century. Vermeer’s painting The Procuress shows a kilim rug probably from Usak.
Esme, a district of Usak Province, is known for its kilims. Kilim weaving is a traditional Anatolian handicraft that has lasted for centuries. Anatolian kilims take the name of the village, the town or the pattern they carry. Textile is a main sector of the province, with cotton cloth, plush blankets and machine-made carpets and kilims.
Mercury was discovered in Usak in the early twentieth century. In Usak, flesh scraps from hides serve the soap industry, and leather shavings serve shoe lining. Past a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Usak was first to sign a collective labour agreement. The signing came in the Ottoman era, in the leather industry.
Usak was the first city in Turkey with an urban electricity network. Industry in the city centres on two industrial zones. The organised zone lies on the Usak to Izmir highway, between kilometres fourteen and eighteen. Winters are cool, wet and regularly snowy, and summers are hot and dry.
How large is the town of Selcuk, and what lies on its borders, seen along a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara?
Selcuk is a district of Izmir Province, and the town lies two kilometres north-east of ancient Ephesus. Along a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Selcuk touches Torbali, Tire, Germencik, Kusadasi and Menderes. Torbali lies on its northern edge.
Selcuk is a municipality and a district of Izmir Province. It holds fourteen neighbourhoods, among them Zeytinkoy, Havutculu, Acarlar, Barutcu and Zafer. Sirince, Belevi, Cumhuriyet and Ataturk are on the same list. Until nineteen fifty-seven, Selcuk stood as a township within Kusadasi district. In that year it became a district in its own right.
Kusadasi stayed a district of Izmir Province until that same year. Then it moved to Aydin Province. Kusadasi, a large resort town, stands on the Aegean coast, and Selcuk lies to its north. Germencik, also in Aydin Province, is the junction of two railway lines, and one of them is the Ortaklar-Soke line.
Torbali, Tire and Menderes are districts of Izmir Province, like Selcuk itself. The centre of Tire lies 80 kilometres south-east of the traditional centre of Izmir. Tire has Selcuk as its western neighbour. Set along a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Selcuk lies next to Aydin Province.
Pamukkale also features in Aphrodisias Pamukkale Tour From Ankara.
The district stands sixteen metres above sea level. The Kucuk Menderes River flows about three kilometres north of it. It reaches the sea about nine kilometres to the west. The Selcuk Plain is ringed by hills of different sizes. Maden, Kayser and Sarikaya mountains stand to the east and are not very high.
Bulbul Dagi rises to the south of the district. A bird sanctuary and three natural ponds lie in the north-west. Forest covers 49 percent of the surface, and that share adds to the richness of the natural pattern. Mapped along a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Selcuk keeps almost half its land forested.
The climate of Selcuk is Mediterranean, with hot summers. Those summers run dry, and the winters run cool and rainy. Read along a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Selcuk records 666.61 millimetres of rain yearly. Snow does not fall, and the air seldom drops below zero.
Selcuk is counted among the tourist destinations in Turkey with the highest number of visits. The town is known for Seljuk works of art and for its closeness to Ephesus. It is known for the house of the Virgin Mary too. Since the nineteen-nineties it has grown into a major tourist destination.
Land access is easy, because important traffic lines cross at Selcuk. Ephesus Beach, called Pamucak in Turkish, lies in the same district. The district lies in the west of the Aegean Region. The municipality lists an international festival of culture, art and tourism for the first week of September.
The old quarter of Selcuk keeps much of its traditional Turkish culture. Noted along a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Selcuk counts six twin towns. Dion in Greece, Kobuleti in Georgia and Lienz in Austria are three. Ourem in Portugal, Radovis in North Macedonia and Siegburg in Germany are the others.
Along a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Selcuk takes the one night of this route. The town lies two kilometres from Ephesus, so day two starts close to the ancient city. On day two, this route covers Ephesus and the town of Selcuk, then turns back toward Izmir.
Which building first held the finds from the Ephesus site, seen across a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara?
Depot storage, set up in Selcuk in nineteen twenty-nine, took in the finds dug up from that year on. Its story runs across a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara. Depot space was joined by a southern wing in nineteen sixty-four.
The depot protected two kinds of objects. One kind was finds from the excavations, and the other was objects gathered from the surrounding area. A change in Turkish law forbade taking any finds out of the country. A large effort has also gone into bringing back artefacts taken abroad.
The southern wing of the museum building at Selcuk was finished in nineteen sixty-four. That date unfolds across a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara. Depot objects began to go on show in that wing, and the museum opened in the same year.
For more on Pamukkale, see Pamukkale and Ephesus Tour From Istanbul.
A northern wing was built in nineteen seventy-six, and the museum space grew again. The southern wing dates from nineteen sixty-four and the northern wing from nineteen seventy-six. Size limits also put certain pieces on show at the excavation site itself, outside the museum building.
The larger share of the collection comes from Ephesus, the church of St John and the Belevi Mausoleum. Material from Cukurici Hoyuk is held there as well. That spread of places stretches across a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara. Depot items came from digs and from the surrounding area.
The works on show run in age from the Chalcolithic to the Ottoman period. Pieces of the Hellenistic, Roman and Early Christian ages are among them. One section keeps coins in cases arranged by date, among them Ephesian coins and coins of the Islamic period. Another section shows votive offerings found at the Temple of Artemis.
The Middle Garden holds column capitals, grave stelae, sarcophagi, statues and game tables. A separate section shows Cybele votive stelae from digs on Panayir Dagi. These objects are described across a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara. Depot storage came before both wings.
Cukurici Hoyuk is a mound about one kilometre south-east of Ephesus, near the town of Selcuk. The first investigations there were rescue excavations in nineteen ninety-five, under the direction of the Selcuk museum. Systematic research there began in two thousand and seven and ended in two thousand and sixteen.
At the mound, it is assumed that the first settlers came over the sea. A Neolithic cache of obsidian blades was made from stone of the island of Melos, about 300 kilometres away. That record is told across a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara. Depot storage belongs to a far younger age.
Thirteen settlements from different periods lie one above the other at the mound. In the Early Bronze Age, about 50 furnaces and a multitude of metal finds mark a metal-making centre. Its craftspeople mainly made arsenic copper. Spindle whorls and loom weights from that age also turned up. Over 100 radiocarbon dates give the layers an absolute chronology.
A tuna fillet left on a Neolithic floor proves that fish were eaten at the mound. Marine fishing was an important task of the Bronze Age settlement, next to hunting and farming. That food record spreads across a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara. Depot storage holds the earliest date in the museum’s building story.
Pamukkale comes up again in Pamukkale Ephesus Tour From Bodrum.
What shaped the Kaklik cave, read beyond a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara?
Kaklik Cave formed through a rift ponor and holds travertine, dripstones and a small thermal lake. Read beyond a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Kaklik lies in Denizli Province. The cave opened to visitors in two thousand and two.
The surroundings of the cave hold limestones of the Mesozoic era. Travertine and alluvium of the Quaternary period belong to the same ground. Sandstones and conglomerates also belong to the local rock record. Set beyond a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Kaklik is a place to read about.
A rift ponor formed the cave. A ponor is a natural opening where surface water enters underground passages. Such openings appear in karst landscapes, where porous limestone dominates. Turkey is one of the places where ponors are found, and so is Greece. Ponors can drain stream or lake water, or at times work as springs.
Travertine covers almost the whole area of the main gallery. The provincial tourism directorate calls the result a small miniature of Pamukkale. The cave also carries the popular name small Pamukkale. Placed beyond a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Kaklik holds that miniature underground.
One more water source lies about 78 metres west of the main source. The ceiling height of the cave varies between 2 and 5 metres. The lowest part of the cave holds a small thermal lake. Stalactites and stalagmites stand among the other dripstones.
Water in the cave is colourless. Tests of the thermal lake give an acidity of 6.85 on the pH scale. A value of 7 marks neutral water, so this reading sits just below it. Found beyond a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Kaklik holds a lake with that reading.
The same set of tests puts calcium at 286.17 milligrams per litre. Magnesium stands at 110.62 milligrams per litre. No ammonium turned up in the lake water. Those readings describe the lake at the bottom of the cave. The figures are credited to the governor of Denizli Province.
A scientific study measured the strength of the cave’s travertine. On-site tests used a needle penetrometer. Samples were also taken at each test point. Travertine on the terrace slopes, the side wall and the terraced pool showed high strength. Seen beyond a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Kaklik is a place that scientists measure.
Deposits on the ceiling of the cave had the lowest strength values. Anhydrite and bassanite turned up in those ceiling deposits. Both minerals are forms of calcium sulphate. The calcite makeup of the travertine was checked by FESEM analysis. The finding sets the ceiling deposits apart from the stone of the pool and the walls.
The same study also sampled microbes: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes led the bacterial count. Proteobacteria made up a large share of the strong, calcite-bearing samples. They were absent where calcium sulphate occurred. The authors say further research must confirm that link. Lying beyond a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Kaklik stays open for study.
Ephesus Pamukkale Tour From Istanbul covers Pamukkale too.
Its sulphidic character comes from high sulphur levels, high temperature and low oxygen. Bacteria in its hot springs were led by Epsilonproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. An algae survey recorded eighty-six taxa in the cave. Twenty-one of those taxa were first records for freshwater algae in Turkey. The survey names a mineral-rich spring as the source of the travertine.
Why do the plans for a ski resort on Mount Honaz stay idle, seen through a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara?
Honaz Mountain has a ski resort plan that lies idle for the moment, though conditions for winter sports are suitable. Through a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Honaz is a national park with a ski plan.
A project to set up a ski resort on the mountain dates from a governor’s term in the province. The entry on the mountain gives no year. Viewed through a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Honaz is a peak with a paused plan.
The entry gives no reason for the pause. It names no cause, no cost and no date for a restart. The provincial culture and tourism directorate lists Honaz first of five Denizli mountains suited to skiing by their topography. Neither text names a cause for the pause.
The Directorate-General of Nature Protection and National Parks governs the mountain, which lies in Denizli Province. Turkey’s national parks are managed directly by a Directorate of National Parks, a sub-branch of a general directorate. Heard through a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Honaz is a state-run park.
The idea of a national park entered Turkish law in nineteen fifty-six, in the twenty-fifth article of the Forest Law. That law framed a park as a scientific and public sports and recreation area, with fauna and flora preserved. Yozgat Pine Grove was declared Turkey’s first national park in nineteen fifty-eight.
Until nineteen eighty-three, only forested areas fell within the category of national parks. The National Parks Law of that year opened the category to areas of historical, touristic or cultural value. Judged through a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Honaz is one of Turkey’s national parks.
The provincial culture and tourism directorate describes a ski run project on Mount Honaz about sixteen kilometres from the highway. It calls the project one in progress and the slopes straight. The entry on the mountain says the plans lie idle for the moment. The two texts differ on the status, and neither gives a track length.
Denizli’s own ski centre stands on Bozdag, 39 kilometres from Tavas district. Skiing there runs between December and April. The snow crystal structure of its slopes suits winter sports. In summer the same slopes serve highland tourism, with cool weather. Slope angle and snowfall give Honaz, Karci, Babadag and Bozdag their skiing potential.
Three other mountains of the province get their own lines in that text. Babadag has a height of 2,308 metres and extends south and west of Denizli. Karkin has slopes suited to skiing, and transport on the mountain runs over a stabilised road. Karci always has snow at its top.
More about Ankara: Ephesus Pergamon Tour From Ankara.
The park suits walks, bicycle tours and camping. The provincial directorate calls the park and the Kartal Lake pine preserve very suitable for botanic tourism. A study of Honaz district sees potential for alternative tourism across all four seasons. Read through a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Honaz is a park for walkers and cyclists.
The town of Honaz builds its economy on cherries, and eighty percent of the crop is exported from Turkey. An annual cherry festival is held in the town. Tomatoes and a local variety of oleaster grow there too. Told through a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Honaz is a town of cherry growers.
Which beach of the Ephesus coast takes the name Pamucak, read within a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara?
Pamucak is the Turkish name of Ephesus Beach, a sandy shore in the Selcuk district. Placed within a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Pamucak is a declared tourism centre. The Izmir municipality records that status.
Set within a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Pamucak is where the river ends. The Kucuk Menderes flows west and reaches the Aegean at this beach, near Selcuk. Its basin covers 3,502 square kilometres, and its average discharge is 11.45 cubic metres per second.
The ancient port of Panormus stood near the river mouth. Pamucak lies from Ephesus in the direction of Kusadasi, says the Izmir provincial culture and tourism directorate. Kusadasi sits along a gulf of the same name in the Aegean, and Selcuk is its northern neighbour.
The Kucuk Menderes runs just north of the Buyuk Menderes, and both rivers have changed their course. The Selcuk municipality calls the Pamucak shore suitable for all kinds of water sports and camping. Its page also lists a campground and an aquapark in the Pamucak area.
Seen within a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Pamucak is a sandy shore. The Izmir municipality puts its width at about 80 metres. It also names the beach as a natural home of the sand lily. This bulb plant grows wild in the dunes of the shore.
On the Kusadasi road, a rest area under red pines has a picnic ground for 100 people. The ground has drinking water and kiosks. The Selcuk municipality places the rest area 10 km from Selcuk. The same municipality lists tracks for horse and jeep safaris. It also describes the beach as sandy and sunny, with clean water.
Found within a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Pamucak closes named routes. The Izmir provincial culture and tourism directorate lists them on its Selcuk page. One runs from Sirince through Selcuk and the ancient city of Ephesus to the beach. Another begins at the House of the Virgin Mary.
Pamukkale also features in Ephesus and Pamukkale Tour From Alanya.
North of Ephesus, between the ancient city and Pamucak, lies the Selcuk Gebekirse Lake Water Birds Protection and Breeding Site. The provincial directorate says 30 to 40 species of birds and mammals live in the area. Wild boars, foxes and jackals are among the mammals it names.
The directorate names diving birds, pelicans, ducks, woodcocks and rock partridges in that area. Read within a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Pamucak has a protected bird site nearby. A woodcock has large eyes set high on the sides of its head, which give it 360-degree vision.
A rock partridge has a white face with a black gorget, and its legs are red. When disturbed, it prefers to run rather than fly. It nests in a ground scrape with a thin lining and lays 5 to 21 eggs. It is a resident breeder in dry, open country.
Mapped within a Pamukkale and Ephesus tour by night bus from Ankara, Pamucak shares a district with a delta. A ministry page on the basin marks the Kucuk Menderes Delta as protected, in Selcuk. It records sweet-water lakes and swamp at sea level. Up to 160 pygmy cormorants shelter there.
The pygmy cormorant lives by lakes and river deltas, and it likes pools thick with plants. Fish are its main food, and it rests in trees between fishing trips. The Izmir provincial directorate calls the Bay of Pamucak a preservation site with a clear sea.